Explanation:
- A **Counted B-Tree** is a variant of the B-tree where each node additionally stores the count of the number of elements in the subtree.
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- This allows for efficient range queries, such as finding the k-th smallest element or computing the number of elements less than a given value.
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Steps:
- Insertion: Insert elements while maintaining the B-tree structure and update the counts.
- Querying: Use the stored counts to answer range queries efficiently.
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Time Complexity:
- Insertion: O(log n)
- Querying: O(log n)