Explanation:

- A **Scapegoat Tree** is a type of self-balancing binary search tree that uses an amortized **O(log n)** time complexity for insertion and deletion.
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- Unlike AVL and Red-Black Trees, it does not maintain a strict balance at every node but ensures that the tree does not become unbalanced by periodically rebuilding subtrees.

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  • Steps:

    • Insertion: Insert elements as in a regular binary search tree. When a subtree becomes too unbalanced, a “scapegoat” node is found and the subtree is rebuilt to restore balance.
    • Rebuilding: The tree periodically rebuilds a subtree when an insertion violates the balance property.
  • Time Complexity:

    • Insertion: O(log n) amortized
    • Rebuilding: O(n) for the worst case (rebuilding the tree)